Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Leading Cause of Vision Loss

What Is AMD?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision impairment in individuals over 50 years old in industrialized countries. It primarily affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision.As we age, cellular waste accumulates in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Combined with oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular changes, this leads to progressive damage to photoreceptor cells, resulting in vision loss.

What Are the Risk Factors for AMD?

In addition to aging, several risk factors contribute to AMD development:

✅ Genetic predisposition

✅ Smoking (one of the strongest modifiable risk factors)

✅ Unhealthy diet (low in antioxidants and omega-3)

✅ Obesity and cardiovascular diseases

The Two Main Types of AMD

1. Atrophic (Dry) AMD

• Characterized by the gradual destruction of photoreceptor cells.
• Progression is variable but leads to central vision loss over time.
• No curative treatment exists, but risk factor control is crucial, including:
  • Smoking cessation
  • Healthy diet rich in antioxidants (Vitamins C & E, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, copper)
  • Regular monitoring to detect possible progression to the exudative form

2. Exudative (Wet) AMD

• Abnormal blood vessels (neovascularization) grow under the retina, leaking fluid and distorting the macular architecture.
• Leads to rapid and severe vision loss if untreated.
• Treatment: Intravitreous Anti-VEGF Injections
  • Anti-VEGF therapy reduces abnormal blood vessels and prevents further damage.
  • Regular follow-ups are essential to adjust the treatment schedule.

Recognizing AMD Symptoms

If you experience any of the following, consult an ophthalmologist in Luxembourg immediately:

🚨 Blurred central vision

🚨 Metamorphopsia (straight lines appearing wavy or distorted)

🚨 Scotoma (a dark or blurry central spot in your vision)

Vision Rehabilitation for Severe Cases

For advanced AMD, low vision rehabilitation with an orthoptist can significantly improve quality of life by helping patients adapt to vision loss.

We work with the SOP (Service Orthoptic Pleioptique) (click on the link for more info) and multiple optician in Luxembourg perform VISION REHAB for AMD.

Early detection and timely treatment are crucial to preserving vision. If you notice any changes in your eyesight, schedule an appointment with us.

Dr Hayek and his team of ophtalmologist at the Glacis Eye clinic treat and perform patient follow up for AMD but also collaborate with leading Eye centers across Europe in AMD and Retina research